Asthma is a long-term respiratory condition that affects the airways, making them inflamed and sensitive. When triggered, the muscles around the airways tighten, and the lining becomes swollen, causing the airways to narrow. This leads to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These symptoms can vary from mild and occasional to severe and persistent, depending on the individual and their level of asthma control. While asthma cannot be cured, it can usually be well managed to allow people to live active, healthy lives.

Asthma affects people of all ages but often begins in childhood. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with a family history of asthma, allergies, or eczema are more likely to develop the condition. Environmental factors such as exposure to dust mites, pollution, cigarette smoke, and certain chemicals can increase the risk, especially during early life when the lungs are still developing.

Asthma symptoms are triggered by a variety of factors. Common triggers include allergens like pollen, pet dander, and mould, as well as cold air, exercise, respiratory infections, and stress. Some people experience symptoms only during specific situations, such as exercise-induced asthma, while others may have more persistent symptoms throughout the year. Recognising and avoiding personal triggers is an essential part of controlling the condition.