Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen veins in or around the rectum and anus. They are similar to varicose veins and develop when there is increased pressure in this area, causing the veins to stretch and become inflamed. Haemorrhoids are common and can affect people of any age, though they are more likely to occur in adults who sit for long periods or strain during bowel movements.

There are two main types of haemorrhoids: internal and external. Internal haemorrhoids develop inside the rectum and are usually not visible but may cause bleeding during bowel movements. External haemorrhoids form under the skin around the anus and can be painful, itchy, or swollen. In some cases, a blood clot can form, leading to a hard, tender lump known as a thrombosed haemorrhoid.

Common symptoms include itching, irritation, pain, swelling, and bleeding after passing stool. The bleeding is typically bright red and may appear on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl. Discomfort can range from mild to severe, depending on the size and location of the haemorrhoids. Prolonged straining or sitting can make symptoms worse.