Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common digestive disorder that affects how the large intestine functions. It causes a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, bloating, and changes in bowel habits such as diarrhoea, constipation, or both. Although IBS does not cause lasting damage to the intestines, it can be uncomfortable and impact daily life. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of gut sensitivity, stress, and diet.

Symptoms of IBS can vary from person to person. Some people experience cramping and bloating that improve after passing stool, while others notice their symptoms worsen with certain foods or stress. The condition often comes and goes, with periods of flare-ups followed by times of relief. Fatigue and nausea can also occur, adding to discomfort.

Several factors are believed to contribute to IBS, including abnormal muscle contractions in the intestines, nerve sensitivity in the gut, and changes in the balance of bacteria in the digestive tract. Emotional stress and hormonal changes, particularly in women, can also trigger or worsen symptoms. IBS is more common in people with a history of digestive infections or food intolerances.