Menopause is a natural stage in a woman’s life that marks the end of menstrual periods and fertility. It typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, though the exact timing varies for each person. Menopause is diagnosed after 12 consecutive months without a period and happens when the ovaries stop releasing eggs and produce less oestrogen and progesterone, the key female hormones.

The transition leading up to menopause, known as perimenopause, can last several years. During this time, hormonal fluctuations can cause a variety of symptoms, including irregular periods, hot flushes, night sweats, mood changes, and sleep disturbances. Some women also experience vaginal dryness, weight gain, or reduced libido. The intensity of these symptoms varies widely, with some experiencing only mild changes and others finding them disruptive.

The drop in hormone levels affects more than just reproductive function. It can influence bone density, heart health, and skin elasticity, making long-term self-care especially important during and after menopause. Maintaining a healthy diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, along with regular weight-bearing exercise, supports bone and cardiovascular health.