Psoriasis is a long-term skin condition that causes cells to build up too quickly on the surface of the skin, forming thick, scaly patches. These patches can be red, itchy, and sometimes painful, often appearing on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back. The condition can fluctuate, with periods of flare-ups followed by times of improvement or remission.

The exact cause of psoriasis is not fully understood, but it is known to involve an overactive immune system. The immune response speeds up the natural cycle of skin cell production, causing cells to accumulate faster than they can be shed. Genetics play a role, and people with a family history of psoriasis are more likely to develop it.

Several factors can trigger or worsen psoriasis. These include stress, infections, cold weather, skin injuries, and certain lifestyle habits such as smoking or heavy alcohol use. In some cases, medications or hormonal changes can also contribute to flare-ups. Identifying personal triggers helps manage symptoms more effectively.